The World Health Organisation (WHO) has released updated guidelines aimed at reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia through evidence-based interventions that promote brain health across the lifespan.
In a statement issued on Wednesday, the global health body said up to 45 per cent of dementia risk is linked to modifiable factors, meaning many cases could be prevented or delayed through healthier lifestyles and proper management of medical conditions.
According to the WHO, the new guidelines provide practical measures for countries to integrate dementia prevention into non-communicable disease, mental health and primary healthcare services.
The organisation noted that more than 57 million people are currently living with dementia worldwide, with nearly 10 million new cases diagnosed each year. It added that Alzheimer’s disease remains the most common form of dementia, accounting for an estimated 60 to 70 per cent of all cases globally.
WHO Director-General, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, said the updated recommendations translate growing scientific evidence into practical actions that countries can immediately adopt to safeguard cognitive health.
He encouraged adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment to engage in cognitive training, mental stimulation and regular social interaction to help maintain brain function.
The WHO also recommended regular physical activity, quitting tobacco use, reducing alcohol consumption, adopting a healthy diet and limiting exposure to air pollution as key measures to lower dementia risk.
The organisation stressed that effective management of high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol can significantly reduce the likelihood of developing dementia later in life.
It also noted that hearing aids may be offered to people with hearing loss as part of dementia risk-reduction strategies.
However, the WHO advised against the routine use of vitamin B, vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids or multivitamin supplements solely for dementia prevention where no deficiency has been diagnosed, stating that current evidence does not support their effectiveness and potential risks cannot be ruled out.
The organisation added that dementia affects memory, thinking, daily functioning and independence, placing significant emotional, social and financial burdens on families and caregivers.
Globally, dementia is estimated to cost $1.3 trillion annually, with about half of that burden resulting from unpaid care provided by relatives and friends, underscoring the urgent need for stronger prevention efforts.
